19/01/1885, Frankfurt am Main - 29/05/1956, Weimar
German conductor of symphonic and opera music. A pupil of Felix Mottl. He was general music director in Essen (1911-1914), Cologne (1918-30), Bonn (1930-1933), Weimar (1945-1956), conductor-in-chef of Gürzenich Orchestra in Cologne (1915-1934) and Gewandhaus Orchestra in Leipzig (1934-1945).
